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Special Care for Young People with Diabetes
Because type 1 diabetes can appear before the age of 20, those with type 1 have to start diabetes control at a young age. But being diagnosed with diabetes doesn’t have to be frightening. In fact, studies have shown that recognizing the symptoms of diabetes and treating the condition early can reduce the chances of developing complications.
Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune disorder—a problem with the body’s immune system. In a healthy body, specialized cells—called beta cells—in the pancreas make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that allows the body to use energy from food. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakes beta cells for invaders and attacks them. When enough beta cells are destroyed, the symptoms of diabetes appear.
What to Look For
Often diabetes goes undiagnosed because many of its symptoms seem so harmless. The symptoms of diabetes are:
- excessive thirst
- frequent urination—even bedwetting
- unusual weight loss
- tiredness, weakness
- irritability, blurry vision
- unusual hunger.
If your child has any of these symptoms—regardless of her or his age—call your doctor as soon as possible.
Daily Habits
Managing diabetes is a matter of juggling three things: insulin, food, and exercise. All three have a major effect on diabetes control. To do this, children must do the following:
- Get insulin injections two to four times a day, usually before eating. Doctors decide how much insulin is needed depending on the child’s age, height, weight, what they eat, and how active they are. Parents will need to inject the insulin for their children until they can do it on their own, usually by age 8.
There are alternatives to injections, such as an insulin pump, pen, and jet injectors. Talk with a doctor about the best method for your child.
- Have their blood sugar tested several times a day. Portable devices can check a drop of blood, usually from a finger, to make sure that the sugar level is not too high or too low. This level can change throughout the day depending on children’s food and exercise habits, and whether they are sick or stressed. If their blood sugar is not in the “safe range,” they need to make some food, exercise, or insulin changes.
- Eat right. Children with diabetes do not need special foods, but they do need to be more aware of what they eat. Today, experts suggest focusing on well-balanced, nutritious meals. A daily meal plan should include low-fat dairy products and protein, lots of fruits and vegetables, and high-fiber carbohydrates such as whole-grain breads and cereals. Children with diabetes can have some sugar, but in moderation.
- Exercise regularly. Physical activity is an important part of moderating blood sugar. Many young people can safely participate in activities—including sports and gym class—if their blood sugar is in control.
For more information about diabetes, call Greg Steuve, diabetes educator with South Central Regional Medical Center, at 426-4700.
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